Why this is more common now
This isn't just "getting older"
Hormonal symptoms are often written off as an inevitable part of ageing. But the research tells a more specific story — one that's as much about modern life as it is about age.
~1%
Population studies tracking men of the same age across different decades have found average testosterone levels falling by roughly 1% per year since the late 1980s — a generational decline, not just an individual one. Some of the largest studies found this held true even after accounting for rising body weight.
20%
One large US study found roughly 1 in 5 adolescent and young adult men already had testosterone levels in the deficient range — a pattern researchers didn't expect to see at that age.
↑
Conditions like PCOS and insulin resistance are being diagnosed more often in women, and perimenopause is increasingly linked to the same metabolic pressures driving hormonal change in men — rather than being a separate, unrelated process.
Researchers point to a cluster of modern, largely modifiable factors rather than any single cause:
Body composition
Rising body fat
Higher average body fat is linked to lower testosterone and disrupted hormone signalling — and the effect compounds over time.
Movement
Sedentary lifestyles
Far less daily movement than previous generations, with strength training in particular linked to healthier hormone profiles.
Sleep & stress
Poor sleep, high cortisol
Most reproductive hormones are produced overnight, and persistently elevated cortisol suppresses them — modern life pressures both.
Nutrition
Processed, high-sugar diets
Diets driving insulin resistance are increasingly linked to disrupted hormone regulation in both men and women.
This is a simplified summary of an evolving area of research, not a complete clinical picture — individual causes vary, and correlation in population studies doesn't prove a single cause for any one person's symptoms. It's exactly why testing your own numbers matters more than reading a list like this one.